Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, but not all infections need the same drug. Knowing the common options helps you ask the right questions at the clinic or when talking to a pharmacist. Below I cover common classes, when each is useful, safety tips, and how to get antibiotics the right way.
Penicillins (like amoxicillin) are often first-line for ear infections, strep throat, and some skin infections. They’re usually safe unless you have a penicillin allergy. Cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cephalexin) work for many respiratory and skin infections and are an alternative if penicillin isn’t suitable.
Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin) help with some chest infections and atypical bacteria. Tetracyclines (doxycycline) treat acne, certain tick-borne illnesses, and some respiratory infections — but they’re not for young children or pregnant people.
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) are strong and used for complicated urinary tract infections and some GI infections. They can have serious side effects, so doctors avoid them when alternatives exist. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is common for bladder infections and some skin infections. Each drug fits specific bugs and body sites — that’s why doctors match the drug to the likely bacteria.
Culture and sensitivity tests guide the best choice, but doctors often start a likely antibiotic before tests return. Tell your provider about allergies, pregnancy, other meds, and past antibiotic reactions. Don’t use leftover antibiotics or someone else’s prescription. That raises resistance and may not treat your infection.
Finish the full course as prescribed, even if you feel better early. Stopping early can leave some bacteria alive and lead to resistance. Watch for side effects: nausea, diarrhea, yeast infections, and for some classes, photosensitivity or tendon pain. If you get severe reactions — high fever, rash, breathing trouble — seek care immediately.
Antibiotic resistance is real. Overuse and misuse make common drugs less effective. Ask your clinician whether antibiotics are necessary for your case and if a narrow-spectrum drug can be used instead of a broad one.
Want antibiotics online? Always get a valid prescription first. Use licensed pharmacies or telemedicine services that require a proper consultation. Avoid sites offering controlled antibiotics without a prescription or suspiciously cheap prices. Check for clear contact details, pharmacy licensing, and secure payment/shipping info.
When to see a doctor right away: high fevers, worsening symptoms after 48–72 hours on treatment, severe pain, or signs of spreading infection (red streaks, swelling). For common mild infections, a short phone or telehealth visit may be enough to get the right antibiotic and clear instructions.
Having a basic grasp of antibiotic options helps you ask smart questions and stay safe. If you’re unsure, ask your provider to explain why they chose a specific drug and what side effects to expect.
