Chloasma—often called melasma or the "pregnancy mask"—shows up as brown or gray-brown patches on the face. It usually appears on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. Hormones, sun exposure, and certain medications are the main triggers. If you want faster results, the first stop is sun protection. That’s where most improvement starts.
Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) every day, even on cloudy days. Physical blockers with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide work especially well on chloasma. Put sunscreen on 15 minutes before going outside and reapply every two hours when you’re in direct sun. Add a wide-brimmed hat and avoid peak sun hours when possible.
Avoid heat and strong light sources that can worsen pigmentation—this includes hot showers, saunas, and intense exercise in direct sun. Also be careful with waxing or aggressive exfoliation, which can irritate skin and darken patches.
Over-the-counter options that can help: azelaic acid (10–20%) and topical niacinamide. They’re gentle and safe for most skin types. For stronger results, dermatologists commonly use prescription treatments like hydroquinone (often 2–4%), tretinoin (a retinoid), or combination creams that mix hydroquinone with a retinoid and a mild steroid. Expect to see gradual change—usually 8–12 weeks before you notice real improvement.
Non-topical options include chemical peels (glycolic or lactic acid), microdermabrasion, and some laser or light-based treatments. These can work well but carry risks, especially for darker skin tones. Laser treatments can sometimes make pigmentation worse if not done by a skilled provider familiar with chloasma.
If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, skip prescription bleaching agents and retinoids. Many cases of chloasma from pregnancy fade on their own after delivery, though sun protection is still essential.
Always patch-test a new product on a small area before using it on the whole patch. If a product causes redness, burning, or increased darkness, stop using it and talk to a dermatologist.
When to see a doctor: if the patches spread, change shape, or don’t improve after consistent sun protection and topical care. A dermatologist can confirm the diagnosis, rule out other causes, and create a treatment plan tailored to your skin type and needs.
Practical final tips: protect your skin every day, be patient (pigmentation fades slowly), and get professional advice before trying aggressive treatments. With the right routine, most people see steady improvement without risky procedures.
