Open-angle glaucoma silently damages the optic nerve and steals side vision long before you notice it. No pain, slow progression, and a common link to raised eye pressure make it one of the leading causes of permanent vision loss worldwide. If you’re over 40, have a family history, or take prolonged steroids, pay attention—early checks save sight.
Doctors use a few simple tests to spot glaucoma early. First, they measure intraocular pressure (IOP) with a tonometer—high pressure raises suspicion but doesn’t prove glaucoma on its own. Next, an optic nerve exam looks for thinning or changes in the nerve head. Visual field testing checks peripheral vision loss; this is where glaucoma usually shows first. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) gives a detailed picture of nerve fiber loss and helps track progression over time. Combine results from these tests and your risk factors, and a doctor can decide whether you have open-angle glaucoma.
Treatment aims to lower eye pressure to slow or stop nerve damage. The first line is usually prescription eye drops. Prostaglandin analogs (once-nightly drops) are common and effective; beta-blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are other options. If drops don’t control pressure or cause side effects, doctors may recommend laser trabeculoplasty to improve fluid outflow. For advanced or resistant cases, surgical procedures like trabeculectomy, tube shunts, or MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery) are choices that further reduce pressure.
Daily habits matter. Use eyedrops exactly as prescribed—missed doses reduce protection of your optic nerve. Keep regular follow-ups for IOP checks and visual fields; glaucoma worsens quietly, so tracking is essential. Control other health issues such as high blood pressure and diabetes, which can affect eye health. Stick to a healthy routine: moderate exercise (like walking), avoid smoking, and discuss any steroid use with your doctor since steroids can raise eye pressure.
Watch for warning signs: sudden vision changes, eye pain, severe headaches, or rainbow halos around lights need immediate care—these can signal a different eye emergency, acute angle-closure glaucoma. For open-angle glaucoma, gradual peripheral vision loss is typical, so having a family member notice a decline can be an early clue.
If you have a family history of glaucoma, book a baseline eye exam even if your vision seems fine. Many people with open-angle glaucoma live full lives when diagnosed early and treated consistently. If you’re unsure about symptoms or your risk, a quick eye check is the safest move—preventing vision loss is easier than reversing it.
